物业管理条例实施前后对比分析

　《物业管理条例》实施前后对比分析

　2003年9月1日起正式施行，标志着我国的物业管理进入了法制化、规范化发展的新时期。《条例》的颁布对物业管理行业的健康发展具有非常重要的深远意义，明确了物业管理活动中各相关主体之间的权利、义务、职责，为物业管理活动提供了坚实的法律依据。对比《条例》实施前后，物业管理行业产生的根本性转变，具体体现在以下几点：一、明确了业主大会和业主委员会之间的权利、义务和职责。

　,导致矛盾产生。因此，《条例》确立了业主大会和业主委员会并存，业主大会决策、业主委员会执行的制度。规定物业管理区域内全体业主组成业主大会，业主大会代表和维护物业管理区域内全体业主的合法权益。业主委员会作为业主大会的执行机构，可以在业主大会的授权范围内就某些物业管理事项作出决定，但重大的决定必须经业主大会2/3业主同意才能作出。与以往相比较明确了业主大会、业主委员会的权利和义务；规范了业主大会决策程序；给业主委员会定位并明确其职责；约束了业主大会、业主委员会的活动；确定了业主大会与业

　二、规范了物业管理收费。

　物业管理费的收取，多年以来一直是困绕物业管理行业发展的问题之一，主要表现在一是收费难度大。少数业主受传统的福利性管理影响较深,不愿交管理费;还有一些业主将购房作为一种投资,仅仅为了增值长期闲置，给物业费的收取带来困难。二是收费行为不规范。虽然国家计委、建设部早于1996年2月就颁发了《城市住宅小区物业管理服务收费暂行办法》将物业管理服务收费作了明确规定。但是有些物业管理企业忽视业主的合法权益，巧立名目，多收费，少服务，服务质量与收费标准不相符，由此造成了很多的纠纷。《条例》的颁布实施,使物业服务收费维护了

　三、规范了前期物业管理，明确建、管责任。

　相当一部分物业企业是从房地产开发企业派生出来的，割不断的“母、子”关系，使物业管理的市场化运作程度不够，物业管理企业在经营和运作上受到制约，缺少独立性和经营自主性，影响专业化水平的提高；有些开发项目在规划设计、施工阶段遗留下较多的问题，有的工程质量低劣，有的配套设施不完善，有的开发单位在销售商品房时虚假承诺，如绿化率、配套设施、各种优惠、高承诺的物业管理等等。使得物业管理企业承担了本应由开发商承担的一部分责任，造成物业管理先天不足，给后续的管理工作带来重大困难。当住宅出现质量问题或住区环境问题时，由于建设和管理职责不清，一些开发商和物业管理企业之间互相推诿，权责不清，会产生很多的混淆，使问题难以解决。为了加强开发建设与物业管理的衔接，加强对建设单位的监督《条例》规定，建设单位要在物业管理区域内配置必要的物业管理用房；国家提倡建设单位按照房地产开发与物业管理相分离的原则，通过招投标的方式选聘具有相应资质的物业管理企业；与业管理企业做好物业承接验收工作并及时移交有关资料；建设单位应当与物业管理企业签订前期物业服务合同；商品房销售合同中应当包含前期物业服务合同约定的内容；业主依法享有的物业共用部位、共用设施设备的所有权或者使用权，建设单位不得处分。建设单位应当在保修期限和保修范围内承担物业的保修责任。同时对于违反上述规定的《条例》制定了一系列的处罚措施，住宅物业的建设单位未通过招投标的方式选聘物业管理企业或者未经批准，擅自采用协议方式选聘物业管理企业的，由县级以上地方人民政府房地产行政主管部门责令限期改正，给予警告，可以并处10万元以下的罚款；不移交有关资料的，由县级以上房地产行政主管部门责令限期改正，逾期仍不移交有关材料的，对建设单位、物业管理企业予以通报，处1万元以上10万元以下的罚款；建设单位在物业管理区10万元以上50万元以下的罚款。从而改变了物业管理的委托制为聘任制，打破了谁开发、谁管理的垄断局面，明确了开发建设单位、物业管理企业的责、权、利，减少物业管理矛盾和纠纷，促进了公开、公平、公正的市场竞争机制的形成。

　,提高从业人员素质。

　,意识不到责任感、紧迫性危机感；只注重管理，甚至说一不二，缺乏“用户至上，用户就是上帝”的服务观念和平等对待业主的原则；在管理服务内容上，只是“扫扫地、看看门、收收费”等，缺乏“精益求精”和为用户提供多方面的、综合性的服务精神。实际上，物业管理不是传统的单纯的维修管理，而是一种文化，一

　五、施行了物业管理企业资质制度，规范物业管理市场。

　物业管理企业为业主提供物业服务，是一种以营利为目的的经济组织，实质上是对业主共同事务进行管理的一种活动，带有公共的性质。在物业管理区域内，物业管理企业要依照全体业主的授权，以维护全体业主的利益和社会公共利益。物业管理企业具有与业主长时间保持密切联系的特点，企业管理水平的高低，直接影响到业主的生活环境和工作质量。目前，部分物业管理企业是从原房管部门或单位后勤管理部门转制而来，服务与被服务的关系没有确立，物业管理的服务特性被淡化。部分物业管理企业，过度追求利润，不按照合同约定的服务，收费与服务不符。一些物业管理公司对于所管理的物业徒有虚名，有的虽然也成立了公司挂牌经营，但仅仅是一种翻牌公司，与原来的房管所毫无两样，办事拖拉，业务素质差，不仅妨碍住户正常的生活和不利于延长物业的使用寿命，而且也影响了物业管理公司的声誉和发展前途。因此，有必要物业管理企业建立市场准入和清出制度，为了有利于整顿和规范物业管理市场，实行企业资质审批制度。《条例》对物业管理企业从事物业管理活动的条件作出了严格的限制，要求物业管理企业不仅要具备法人资格，还要具备相应的资质资格，条例规定，国家对从事物业管理活动的企业，实行资质管理制度，未取得资质证书从事物业管理的，由县级以上地方人民政府房地产行政主管部门没收违法所得，并处5万元以上20万元以下罚款，给业主造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任。规范了企业行为、有效解决群众投诉从而保证了物业管理的服务质量，净化了物业管理市场，使物业管理行业踏上良性发展的轨道。

　社区居委会是居民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的基层群众性自治组织，它的职能大都带有社会公共性。业主大会是业主们由于共同财产关系而形成的共同利益群体，它的职能主要是民事性的，它与社区委员会在性质、职能、权利基础等多个方面，都存在着根本性的差异，但是业主、业主大会要维护好自己的权益，离不开当地居委会的指导和帮助。物业管理企业，是具有物业管理资质，并经工商行政部门登记注册取得营业执照，接受业主大会的委托依照《物业服务合同》进行专业化管理，实行有偿服务的企业。业主大会是代表和维护物业管理区域内全体业主合法权益的自治组织，物业管理企业与业主大会之间是互相依存、相互作用，缺一不可的关系，是在物业管理专业化管理与业主自制管理相结合的高度同一。他们之间的关系是选择与被选择、服务与被服务、聘任与被聘任的关系。物业管理企业服务的好坏在社区建设，尤其在社区服务业的发展中具有重要作用。业主大会、社区委员会、物业管理企业在根本目标上是一致的，都是为了给业主创造良好的生活居住环境。以往由于缺乏对社区委员会的认识，理不顺相互关系，造成诸多物业管理活动中矛盾。因此，《条例》规定，在物业管理区域内，业主大会、业主委员会应当积极配合相关居民委员会依法履行自治管理职责，支持居民委员会开展工作，并接受监督。住宅小区的业主大会、业主委员会作出的决定，应当告知相关的居民委员会，并认真听取居民委员会的建议。要努力创建物业管理与社区建设良性互动的新机制，就要求物业管理企业、社区委员会、业主大会共同努力，只有物业管理与社区建设共进，以物业管理服务推动社区服务发展，才能创造出管理有序、服务完善、环境优美、治安良好、生活便利、人际关系和谐的现代化居住环境。

　七、明确了业主、物业管理企业与供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位关系。

　长久以来由于供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位的垄断地位，往往把服务与收费无偿地转嫁给了物业管理企业，造成了由物业管理企业来代收代缴费用的不合理现象。而代收代缴费用的过程中，又存在着总表与分表的误差等因素造成的费用负担。按照“谁受益，谁承担”的原则，物业管理企业自然通过提高收费标准的方法，让用户承担。但物业管理企业的这种提高收费标准的做法又违反了国家价格法的有关规定，属于乱收费的范畴。这样就使得这些费用没有办法落实，成为物业管理企业的额外负担。事实上，业主和供水、供电、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位之间，是一种合同关系。作为合同的当事人，业主和供水、供电、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位，应当按照法律的规定和合同的约定，来行使合同的权利和履行合同的义务。从供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位的性质看，作为商品的提供者，应该按照商品的市场规律直接提供服务与收费。向业主收取相应的费用是供水、供电、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位的权利和义务，物业管理企业并不是合同的当事人，没有义务向上述单位支付这些费用，也没有权利向业主收取这些费用。费用收不上来就只能由物业管理企业垫交，此前许多物业管理企业与业主的纠纷都与此有关。如果供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位均向每一个业主收费，会导致交易成本增高，对当事人双方均无益处。而在物业管理区域内，物业管理企业作为管理服务人，对物业及业主的情况较这些单位更熟悉。如果由物业管理企业接受供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位的委托，代其向业主收取相关费用，可以节省当事人的时间和金钱，提高办事效率。因此，为了保障业主的合法权益，针对目前物业管理区域内，供水、供电、供气、供热由物业管理企业代收代缴费用的不合理混乱现象，《条例》按照市场规律做出了规定，物业管理区域内，供水、供电、供气、供热、通讯、有线电视等单位应当向最终用户收取有关费用。物业管理企业接受委托收费的不得向业主收取额外费用。这意味着自来水公司、供电公司、燃气公司、供暖公司跟物业管理企业是一个平等的企业关系了，有效地解决这一问题，保障了业主的合法权益。

　八、建立住房维修资金制度。

　住房制度改革前，城市居民住房由政府或单位统一建设，住房产权属政府或单位所有。住房维修养护责任由政府或单位承担，居民仅支付极少的租金。由于回收的租金不能够维持房屋的维修，不足部分费用只能由政府或单位负担。政府和单位背负上了维修费补贴的沉重包袱。同时，维修资金缺乏，大量公房得不到及时保养和修缮，不少住房因年久失修而成为危房，危及住户的居住安全。随着我国经济持续发展和住房制度改革的不断深入，取消了福利住房分配制度，房屋的权属发生了根本性质的改变。新建商品房由个人出资购买，产权归个人所有，原有公有住房也通过房改的办法，将产权出售给个人。随着房屋权属逐步向个人化转变，住房产权多元化格局逐渐形成，居民个人拥有住宅的比例越来越高，住房的维修管理责任相应由国家或单位承担转移到由居民个人来承担。因此，建设部和财政部1998年11月联合印发了《住宅共用部位共用设施设备维修基金管理办法》（建住房[1998]213号）规定商品房和公有住房出售后，都应当建立维修基金。但是，有的开发建设单位或物业管理企业将业主的专项维修资金挪做它用，使住宅区的共用部位、共用设施设备的大、中修及更新改造不能及时进行，侵害了业主的权益，造成了十分恶劣的2倍以下的罚款；物业管理企业挪用专项维修资金，情节严重的，并由颁发资质证书的部门吊销资质证书；构成犯罪的，依法追究直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员的刑事责任。住宅共用部位、共

　rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the city's young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the party's sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the city's cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the group's propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, grasping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to grasp the network, with the group of cadres, young students and young backbone fronts as the focus, to promote the work of the armed youth theory to develop in depth, to help the youth continue to firm ideals and beliefs, to build a powerful spiritual pillar. To carry out the study and implementation of the party's sixteen session of the five Eight plenary session of the two plenary session of the Central Committee and the party spirit, to the city's Youth League members thinking into the spirit of the meeting, to achieve the goal of national consciousness and XX economic and social development in 11th Five-Year "period. Contribute to help and guide the youth to a profound understanding of the significance and main task of building a socialist harmonious society, actively join the construction of socialist harmonious society.(two) to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of teenagers. Thoroughly implement the central spirit of the document No. 8, No. 16 and "the program for Improving Civic Morality" to minors and students as focus groups, to strengthen and improve the ideological and moral construction of minors and the ideological and political education of college students. Make full use of the spirit and the spirit of the Three Gorges migrants Hongyan XX unique the use of educational resources, school, into the team, the league, to join the party, adult occasions, extensive "Hongyan spirit generation" theme education activities. Use of holidays and leisure time, youth organizations "three rural areas", "four communities", "four" and moral practice, guide the youth Youth to enhance national pride, self-esteem and self-confidence, to establish the trend of the times and adapt to the trend of thinking, value orientation and behavior.(three) innovative ways and means of ideological education. Grasp the new trend of the development of the times, the new hot new features and social ideological status of young people, to further explore the methods of ideological education using modern technology and communication mode of education make lively and vivid, fully embodies the "close to reality, close to life, close to the young" principle through the cultivation and selection. "Hongyan demonstration group", "good boy," Hongyan Hongyan "Youth" and other forms of more scientific use of advanced typical influence and promote youth, and strive to create advocating advanced, learning advanced, striving to advance a good atmosphere.Two, in order to "forge ahead with the motherland, and XX with the development" as its theme, guide the youth to build a common ideological basis for the construction of a socialist harmonious society(a) grasp the theme of the purpose of the activity. The "go ahead with the motherland in the youth, and XX with the development of theme educational activities. Vigorously promote patriotism as the core of the national spirit and reform and innovation as the core spirit of the times, the combination of youth with common ideals and beliefs, with great achievements in socialist modernization the motivation of youth, the youth to enhance self-confidence, sense of mission and responsibility to educate and guide the youth to personal pursuit into the common pursuit of all people, their personal struggle into the great practice of building socialism China characteristics, further firmly follow the party China characteristics The confidence and determination of the socialist road, and build the common ideological foundation of the young people to build a socialist harmonious society.(two) rich theme activities. By carrying out the "two generation" dialogue ", in my eyes, the charm of XX" situation and policy through activities such as lectures, report, seminars, theatrical performances, mass cultural activities, to help young people understand China's reform and opening up the extraordinary journey and brilliant achievements achieved fruitful results, to understand the city's economic and social development since the new XX, so that young people understand, love the new XX, and then to the construction of the new XX, a

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