2011—2012学年度第一学期高二英语必修6导学案
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【善归纳】对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。
【牛刀小试】____________________________(要是我试着没修表多好啊).I made it worse.3.>I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意
【善归纳】对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形" 【牛刀小试】你希望她第二天会到
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二、If 引导的虚拟语气条件状语从句
【品味经典】If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sport meet.
If I had taken his advice, I should have not made such a mistake.
【善归纳】表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语：过去式（be-were）；
主句：would/should/could/might+do
表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语：过去式（be-were）/should do/were to；
主句：
would/should/could/might+do
表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had done；
主句：would/should/could/might have+done
【牛刀小试】如果你把杯子丢下来，杯子会碎的。
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三、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。
【善归纳】由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形
【牛刀小试】主席坚持认为我们应该再讨论一下这个问题。
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【Self-checking】 【Summary】 主备人：王斐 审核：
包科领导：
年级主任：
使用时间：
Grammar-Subjunctive Mood 【Learning aims】
1.To understand the different forms of Subjunctive Mood.2.Learn to use the different forms of Subjunctive Mood correctly and freely through cooperative study.3.Be great English users.【Important and difficult points】
Decide which kind of form should be used according to the context 【Instructions】
1.Preview the usage of Subjunctive Mood .2.Finish the learning guide paper independently and tick out the difficulties before cla.【Independent Learning】 TaskⅠCorrect the mistakes of the following mistakes.1.You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.2.I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.3.It is neceary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow 4.If he were here, everything would be all right.5.Now that he is in China, he wishes he understands Chinese.【Cooperative Study】
TaskⅡTask Ⅱ Read and understand the following patterns and finish the translation
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1>I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.我希望我的家乡一年四季都是春天。
【善归纳】对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were,实义动词用过去式
【牛刀小试】我真希望我是一个很博学的人。
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2.> I wish you had called earlier.我希望你早些打电话了。
【教师寄语】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。。
【Learning Reflection】
1.What I have got (我的收获) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.My puzzling points( 我的困惑)
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Teaching procedure: Step1.lead-in : ask the students to find sentences concerning to the usage of Subjunctive Mood from the reading paage.Step2.explanation of the learning aims Step3.students answer questions in Independent learning and then check answers together Step4.discuion of Cooperative study part Step5.presentation&comments Step6.questions&answers Step7.check-yourself Step8.summary Step9.homework
Through group work, we hope that students will learn knowledge with delight and with good methods, and alsi all of them can grt fully involved in cla activity.
【教师寄语】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。
虚拟语气教学设计
大连开发区第十高级中学外语组
闫志刚
一．教材分析
本课是结合外研社高中英语教材选修7中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行虚拟语气的复习，我在教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。
二．学情分析
在高一和高二近两年英语学习的基础上，学生已经掌握了基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在复习虚拟语气的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度，为高考和大学的进一步学习研究打下坚实的基础。但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们好胜心强，渴望在班集体里得到他人的承认，很在乎别人对他们的评价。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师，愿意开口讲。他们有着高中生独立、爱表现自我的特点。因此，只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。
三．教学重点
非真实条件状语从句虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的用法 四．教学难点
非真实条件状语从句虚拟语气中的倒装，错综时间条件句和含蓄虚拟条件句的用法 五．教学目标 1.知识目标
引导学生准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气之中的使用。根据该语法规律解决实际问题。重语境，探语义，培养学生通读，分析，理解，综合归纳的能力，教会学生体察语境，结合上下文，符合逻辑推理和合理的想象，依靠语法但不拘泥于语法，结合语法和题干中的语境解决高考题。
2.能力目标
利用小组合作和组间竞争营造积极和谐教学氛围，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，着重提高学生获取信息，处理信息，分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养学生自主学习与合作学习能力。在运用语言的过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力，帮助学生加强记忆力，提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力，激发创造能力。
3.德育目标
利用情态动词和虚拟语气的句子结构表达思想感情和正确的世界观、人生观。形成健全的情感态度，为未来发展和终身学习奠定好的基础。
六．教学策略
高中阶段是个体探索自我、发现自我、表现自我、塑造自我、完善自我的重要时期，高中生的认识能力比初中普遍提高，自我意识进一步发展，独立意识等均有明显提高，通过活动课、小组讨论等具体形式，利用他们自身较高的自我意识水平对自己的学习进行调节、监控。因此，本课我主要采用任务型教学法，任务完成的过程，就是一个知识转化的过程。它应具备以下特点：（1）以任务为中心，而不是以操练语言形式为目的。（2）任务的设计焦点应该是解决某一具体的学生学习中的重点和难点。在任务型语言教学中，教师要从学生“学”的角度来设计教学活动，使学生的学习活动具有明确的目标，并构成一个有梯度的连续活动。在教师精心设计的各种“任务”中，学生能够不断地获得知识并得出结论，从注重语言本身转变为注重语言习得。
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七．学习策略
非测试性评价体现新课程标准的实施效果，评价体系“正确反映外语学习的本质和过程，满足学生发展的需要。”为了达到这一目标，本课我将各种活动设计成小组活动并开展小组竞赛的非测试性评价手段，帮助学生养成自主学习与合作学习的能力，培养创新意识和实践能力，以及具备科学的价值观。
八．教学用具
教室前后黑板、多媒体辅助（将本课所需要的图片、文字、音乐等制成PPT课件） 九．教学设计 1.总体思路
本节课的主要内容分为预习案的检查，基础知识的归纳复习，难点突破，巩固提高。其中预习案的检查是本节课的基础和关键，预习案的编写是帮助学生回忆以前所学的语法知识，通过含有不同语法现象的例句的阅读让学生归纳出各种虚拟语气的基本语法规则，通过预习自测检查巩固学生的虚拟语气的掌握。在此基础上进入本节课的重要环节---质疑探究。这一环节是虚拟语气的重点和难点，也是高考的考点，我按照知识的从易到难的顺序设计了三个探究点：虚拟语气条件句的倒装，错综条件句和含蓄条件句。也是通过归纳语言现象和即时检测的方法让学生学习和巩固这些语法难点。最后为了检测学生的综合运用语言的能力，我精选了一些高考原题，让学生了解体验高考的考点和难度。本节课的作业是一套精选的虚拟语气练习（即训练案），课后通过训练让学生达到全面掌握虚拟语气的目的。本节课的主体环节由复习、巩固和实际应用三个环节构成，所设计的问题精心挑选，学习活动层层深入，着眼于提高学生对语法知识的运用能力。同时，利用非测试评价手段，提高学生的课堂活动的参与度。运用教学内容，培养学生珍惜时间、珍爱生命的积极人生态度。
2.教学过程 Step1预习检查。
合作探究1：虚拟语气有哪几种具体用法？（一个或多个小组抢答） 合作探究2：虚拟语气的九种用法中，哪几种用法的谓语结构相似？（一个或多个小组抢答） （1）If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 （2) wish之后的宾语从句
（3) would rather之后的宾语从句
（4) as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气 （5) If only + 从句
以上五种用法属于“时态后退型”
（1) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议，如：advise, demand, ,order, request等意义的动词所接的宾语从句
（2) it作形式主语的主语从句中的虚拟语气
（3) 表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词充当句子的主语后面接表语从句或接同位语时，表语及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。
（4) It is (high) time (that) 主语 + 过去式或should+动词原形（should不能省略）。
以上四种用法属于“(should) do” 型 学生讲评预习自测题(小组展示) 合作探究3：虚拟语气练习解题的关键是什么？（一个或多个小组抢答） （1）.“时态后退型”一定要准确判断动作发生的时间。
（2）.“should do” 型要记清楚句型中关键的动词，名词，动词的过去分词或形容词 Step2 质疑探究 — 质疑解疑、合作探究 探究点一：
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虚拟语气条件状语从句中的倒装（一个或多个小组抢答） 归纳: 当虚拟条件中的谓语动词含有were, should和had时，if可省略，而将它们置于句首, 即虚拟条件句可使用部分倒装结构 即时检测
探究点二：错综时间条件句（一个或多个小组抢答）
总结：在虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待，虚拟语气的形式应根据语境作相应的调整，这种条件句叫错综条件句
即时检测
探究点三
含蓄虚拟条件句（一个或多个小组抢答）
总结 ：句子没有直接给出if引导的虚拟条件句，而须通过上下文或without，but for等其他方式来判断,这样的句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句
即时检测
Step3 综合检测（直击高考）
利用课堂时间的最后10分钟完成10道虚拟语气高考真题，以检测学生的本节课的知识掌握和英语语言应用能力。
Step4 课堂小结
虚拟语气的九种基本用法
1）If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 2) wish之后的宾语从句
3) would rather之后的宾语从句
4) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议，如：advise, demand, ,order, request等意义的动词所接的宾语从句
5) 主语从句中的虚拟语气
① It is important / strange / neceary…that主语+（should） + 动词原形 ② It is suggested / requested / proposed（请求、要求、命令、建议等动词的过去分词） ….that 主语+（should ）+ 动词原形
6) 表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词如advice, order, request等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。
7) as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气
8) It is (high) time (that) 主语 + 过去式或should+动词原形（should不能省略）。
9) If only + 从句 = How I wish + 从句，表示“如果……就好了”。
质疑探究
1.虚拟语气条件状语从句中的倒装 2.错综时间条件句 3.含蓄虚拟条件句 Step5 家庭作业
1.总结巩固虚拟语气的用法 2.完成“训练案”的语法练习
2012-5-31 3
2011——2012年第一学期期末语法课考试题型
I.Clause Elements (10 points)
Read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of them.Use the letters S,V,O,C and A to represent the various elements:
Subject
(S) Verb
(V) Object
(O) Complement
(C) Adverbial
(A)
The first sentence is an example.David Livingstone | lived | in Africa | for more than ten years.S
V
A
A
II.Blank Filling (20 points) Fill in the blank with the verb given in the parentheses.
III.Multiple Choice (20 points) There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer in the numbered squares below.
IV. Blank Filling (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following short paage, using appropriate articles or other determiners.
V.Error Correction (10 points) This is a composition written by a 13-year-old student. Correct the grammatical errors in the following composition.Write the corrected version below.
VI.Translation (20 points) A.Translate the following sentences into English.(2 points each)
B.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(3 points each)
VII.Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation (10 point) Read the following headlines taken from newspapers.The punctuation marks have been left out.After each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: Statement, Question, Command or Exclamation.
虚拟语气复习教学设计
Teaching aim 1 get students to master the main points of subjunctive mood 2 learn to use some of them in everyday life Teaching analysis
Students have know something about subjunctive mood in Senior two but they still make more or le mistakes when using this grammar.Therefore it has become a big problem how students use subjunctive mood correctly.Teaching points Make good use of subjunctive mood according to language situations.Teaching aid
Teaching multimedia whiteboard Teaching procedures 1.leading in listen to a song and then fill in the blanks accordingly If you ___ the only girl in the worldand I ___ the only boy! Nothing else ____ matter in the world today we _____go on loving in the same old way! A garden of Eden just made for twowith nothing to mar our joy I _____ say such wonderful things to youthere ____be such wonderful things to do 2 do some exercises
A If human beings had been a bit le greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out. B ________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free. C I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me
D—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood? —Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English E Without the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. F —Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if...—Forget it.I know you were out on busine.Why do you look so upset? —I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.......3 summaize the points of subjunctive mood A if 条件状语从句
B wish would rather if only C名词性从句虚拟一二三四 D but for /without E had done to do F 情态动词+have done 4.how to judge the tense of subjunctive mood A 语境 2 谓语动词3 时间 5 correct mistakes He would be a college student now if he studied hard. Without your help I could have admitted to the key university. Had you abandoned her, you will not regret now. ......6 homework Teaching design Maint points detailed problems 1.1.2.2.3.3.4.4.Teaching reflection Good points points to be improved
虚拟语气教学设计
Teaching content：Subjunctive mood Teaching aims: Target Language: a.the usage of Subjunctive mood b.Key patterns If I„ I wish... as if ... If only... My suggestion / advice / proposal is that... I suggest...
Ability goals Help students learn the Subjunctive Mood.Enable students to use the sentence patterns correctly.Learning ability goals By practice making sentences using the Subjunctive Mood, students will be able to use it in daily communication.Main points: Help the students make a summary of all kinds of the sentences structures in which the Subjunctive Mood can be used.Difficulties: Help the students use the correct verb-form to show the Subjunctive Mood in different sentence structures.Teaching aids: Multimedia, the blackboard, Subjunctive Mood PPT Teaching methods: Discuing, explaining, summary and practicing, Teaching procedures: Step1: Greeting and lead-in Activity I: greeting 教师活动：Greet the whole cla warmly 学生活动：Greet the teacher as usual activity Ⅱ: Lead-in 教师活动：用幻灯片展示一个情景，让学生进行角色扮演
地方政府推出了面向国际游客的旅游彩票，凡事来本地的外国游客，政府赠送旅游彩票一张，头奖为100万元。你是地方电视台的学生记者，于是你去采访来本地旅游的外国学生，你问：
If you won one million, what would you do? 同学们扮演外国学生，回答说：I would go to study in America./ I would buy a big house./ I would build up a school...设计意图：轻松幽默地吸引学生的注意力，让学生参与进来，激发学生的学习兴趣。
Step II：Summary of the Subjunctive Mood
教师活动1：说出并展示一些用到虚拟语气的句子引导学生总结，针对不同的句型，分别给出相应的练习题，检查纠错。
学生活动1：观察,分析,总结虚拟语气句式
教师：1）If I won one million, I would do some good deeds. 2) If I were a millionaire, I would help the poor 3) If I had won one million, I would have done some good deeds. 4) If I won one million one day, I would help the poor Meaning: Sentence 1 and 2: 与现在事实相反 Sentence 3 : 与过去事实相反 Sentence 4: 与将来事实相反
Structure:
从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） Would/could/might/ should+ do 与过去事实相反 Had done Would/could/might/ should+ have done 与将来事实相反 ①过去式 Would/could/might/ should +do ②Were to do ③ Should do
媒体活动：多媒体展示情景，多媒体展示总结出的虚拟语气的结构和用法，多媒体展示相应的练习题及答案。
Step III: 归纳虚拟语气其它句式
教师活动1：设计三个情景，让学生说出用到虚拟语气各种句式，归纳用法 教学设计意图：通过设计以下四个情景，让学生自己总结出虚拟语气的结构和用法。
情景一：假如面临考试，你有什么愿望？使用句型I wish... 情景二：假如你很努力但考试不及格，你很沮丧，就想If I...,If only...情景三：作为朋友，你给他一些建议：My suggestion / advice / proposal is that„ I suggest„
情景四: 这个建议听起来好像...It sounds as if...教师活动2: 针对每个句型配三至五道题，检验学生是否真的掌握了虚拟语气句式。
媒体活动：多媒体展示总结出的虚拟语气的结构和用法，多媒体展示相应的练习题及答案。
only if:(要是——就好了) 对现在·将来虚拟：过去式 对过去虚拟：过去完成时 as if 从句用虚拟语气
当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原型 Suggest 在虚拟语气中的用法：
一想要(desire) 二宁愿(prefer) 三命令(order.command) 四建议(advise, suggest, propose) 五要求(demand, require, request, desire, insist) 无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
注：suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
例句：His face suggests that he looks worried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。
这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气 Suggestion等词在虚拟语气中的用法：
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：
demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求) advice (劝告), recommendation (建议)，suggestion(建议) order (命令) proposal (计划), recommendation等。
例：
We are all for your proposal that the discuion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。
The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。
⑴、The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.⑵、(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告) ⑶、（2）、I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.⑷、(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划) Step Ⅳ：Practice
教师活动：针对特殊句型，给出练习题，检查纠错
学生活动：做出习题，理解记忆特殊用法
媒体活动：多媒体展示练习题及答案
教学设计意图：特殊句型的用法不容易掌握，选择有针对性的例题，让学生在 练习中加深记忆。
Step Ⅴ：Homework
布置作业：用虚拟语气各种句式写几句话
媒体活动：多媒体展示作业内容
教学设计意图：让学生用虚拟语气造句，旨在巩固其结构和用法。
附板书设计：
虚拟语气
I wish......as if... If I... If only... My suggestion / advice / proposal is that... I suggest...
教学评价
该课内容比较多，创设有趣而贴近生活的情景，课堂中能调动学生的积极性。通过该课，学生知识目标达成较好，在教与学的过程中，学生的分析、归纳能力得到了培养。
教学反思
通过授课，我认为学生分组探究活动进行得很好，他们可以互通有无，解决问题。通过在教学过程中进行的知识反馈，了解到学生对基本知识掌握情况较好，但对于一些特殊用法掌握欠佳，有待于多做练习加以巩固提高。
虚 拟 语 气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：
If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：
if＋主语+动词过去时（与现在事实条件句一样），主语＋should（could„）＋ 动词原形。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you mied the film tonight, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：
Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；
与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could）＋原形。
I wish I were you.
I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
I wish I would meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：
主语＋should＋原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如：
It’s time that you went to school.或
It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”
If only he could come!他要能来就好了。
If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，
表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
6.It is + adj.(important, eential, difficult, etc.)+ (should) do
【专项训练一】
1、It is important that a college studenta foreign language.
A．will masterB．masterC．mastersD．would master
2、It is strange that shewithout saying a word.
A．should have gone outB．went
C．should go outD．goes out
3、If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from
going.
A．had been, would have prevented
B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent
D．were, would have prevent
4、——“He is a brave man.”
——“Yes, I wish Ihis courage.”
A．haveB．hadC．will haveD．may have
5、If itrain, the crops would be saved.
A．shouldB．willC．is going toD．was to
6、He ordered that the medicineby a special plane.
A．was sentB．would be sent
C．should sendD．be sent
7、If youthe medicine, youbetter now.
A．took, would feelB．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feelD．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if shemy mother.
A．isB．wasC．wereD．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish Iso.
A．didn’t doB．hadn’t doC．haven’t doneD．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather hetomorrow afternoon.
A．will comeB．comesC．comingD．came
答案：
1、B
2、A
3、A
4、B
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、C
9、B
10、D
【专项训练二】
I.经典试题回顾：
1.Oh, I"m not feeling well in the stomach.I____ so much fried chicken just now.(0 2春季上海)
A.shouldn"t eatB .mustn"t have eaten
C.shouldn"t have eatenD.mustn"t eat
2.How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden.(0 2春季上海)A.has B.had C.will have D.had had
3.--I hear you"ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.____ I have a look?
--Yes, certainly.(0 2春季上海)
A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should 4--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It____ true because there was little snow there.（02北京）
A.may not be B.won"t be C.couldn"t be D.mustn"t be
5.It has been announced that candidates____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been
collected.
A.can B.will C.may D.shall(02上海)
6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a
railway station.(NMET03)
A.should B.can C.must D.will
7.How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of
the article?
A.can B.must C.need D.may (03上海卷)
8.— Isn" t that Ann"s husband over there?
— No, it _______ be him -I"m sure he doesn"t wear glaes.(04河南/北、安徽、江西)
A.can"tB.must notC.won"t
D.may not
9.You ______ be tired.You"ve only been working for an hour.(04四川、吉林、黑龙江、云南）
A.must notB.won" tC.can" tD.
may not
10.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?（04内蒙、
海南）
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can 11.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.（04内蒙、海南）
A.should have arrivedB.should arrive
C.should have had arrivedD.should be arriving
12.— Who is the girl standing over there ?
— Well , if you ______ know , her name is Mabel .（04天津）
A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall
13.—Excuse me .Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ?
—Sorry , I am not sure .But it _______ be .（04湖北）
A．mightB．willC．mustD．can14.---- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
---- You ______ have my computer if you don"t take care of it.(04湖南）
A.shan"tB.might notC.needn"tD.shouldn"t
15.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(04浙江)
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could
16.—Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK?
—_______ .I love getting close to nature.(04福建)
A．I couldn’t agree moreB．I’m afraid not
C．I believe notD．I don’t think so
17.—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You________ her last week.(04福建)
A．ought to tellB．would have told C．must tellD．should have told
18.“The interest______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.(04重庆)
A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall
19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.( 04上海)
A.mustB.mayC.canD.need
20.—Mum , I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______ I go out and play with Tom for a while ?
—No, I’m afraid not .Besides , it’s raining outside now .(04辽宁)
A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t
21.--- I don"t mind telling you what I know.
--- You_______.I"m not asking you for it.(04江苏)
A.mustn"tB.may notC.can"tD.needn’t
II.巩固练习:
1.---You didn"t invite John to the party?
---_____him, too?
A Must I inviteB Must I have invited
C Should I inviteD Should I have invited
2.Night has fallen, we have to stay here for the night, ____?
A don"t weB hasn"t itC mustn"t weD doesn"t it
3.--Would you please not throw your shoes on the floor?
--I am sorry I __ do it again.
A needn"tB can"tC wouldn"tD won"t
4.I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply ____ not let me come through the gate
A couldB wouldC mightD should
5.---A man is asking to see you._____ he come in?
---- Let him in.
A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Dare 6.She ____ terribly tired last night.She had been working without a break for over ten hours.
A maybeB had beenC used to beD must have been7.Do tell me what you"d like for your birthday ,dear,______ ?
A will youB do youC don"t youD can"t you8.--Do you regret paying five dollars for the book?
--No, I _____twice as much for it.A would gladly have paidB had gladly paid
9.–Don’t forget to write to me when you get home.
--_____.A I mustB I shouldC I won’tD I will10.We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A must have studiedB might studyC should have studiedD would study
11.They would have bought that house, which stood at the foot of the hill, ____ at that time.
A.though they hadn"t had enough moneyB.otherwise they hadn"t enough money
C.if they had enough moneyD.but they didn"t have enough money
12.As it tuned out to be a small house party,we ____ so formally.
A.needn"t dre upB.couldn"t have dreed up
C.didn"t need dre upD.needn"t have dreed up
13.--Might I watch TV after supper?
-Yes, you ____
A mayB mustC mightD can 14.Ifyou listen to me, you ____have some candies, Tommy.
A.are able toB.shallC.mustD.need
15.You must have been to London for many times, _____ you?
A mustn"tB didn"tC haven"tD may not
16.--What do you think of it?--I think it is a thing of importance that it ____ done soon.
A.isB.is to beC.beD.to be
17.--Alice , why didn"t you come yesterday?--I ____ , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A hadB wouldC was going toD did
18.In the summer vacation we____ often take a walk along the river.
A might B could C would D should
19.---- Why does Sara know so much about Angkor Wat?
---- She _____ have been there, or…
A mustB oughtn"t toC mayD can"t
20.The line was busy.Someone_____ the telephone.
A may have usedB must have been using
C may be usingD must be using 21.He was late for cla today.But for the heavy fog,he ____ an hour earlier.
A could comeB could have comeC were to comeD should come
22.I"m sure you"d rather she stayed in France, _____?
A wouldn"t youB didn"t youC shouldn"t youD couldn"t you 23.Michael____ be a policeman, for he"s much too short.
A needn"tB can"tC shouldD may 24.____ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
A IfB UnleC HadD When
25.If you really want yourself to be in good health ,you ____always____ so much.
A mustn"t; be smokingB needn"t; smoke
C won"t; be smokingD can"t; smoke
26.It"s strange that the boy ____ without saying good-bye to the teacher.
A must have leftB have leftC can have leftD may have left
27.He was taken away by the police .He ____ for a thief.
A must mistakeB must be mistakenC must have been mistakenD must have mistaken
28.I____ opera ,but now I"m getting interested.
A was used to likeB didn"t use to likeC used to likeD was used to liking
29.She"s already an hour late, What _____to her?
A can have happenedB may happenC should have happenedD may have happened
30.When a friend of mine gave me a ticket for the game, I ____ go.
A couldn"t helpB can"t butC couldn"t help butD just have to
31.Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.
A isB will beC would have beenD would be 32.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discuion.Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A had saidB saidC might sayD might have said
33.____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.
A WereB ShouldC WouldD Will 34.Jane"s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
A be; should haveB was; haveC should be; hadD was; has
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I____ so early.
A didn"t leaveB hadn"t leftC haven"t leftD couldn"t leave
36.The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.
A should beB would beC have beenD had been
37.Jim would rather _____ now, but we must go to work.
A that we don"t leaveB we not leaveC we didn"t leaveD our not leaving
38.I didn"t call to make my friend attend the meeting , but I ____
A should haveB may haveC must haveD shall have 39.It was required that each student____ enough food on the trip.
A bringB broughtC would bringD had better bring
40.Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he ____ me how.
A teachesB will teachC has taughtD would teach
41.If you children _____ do as I tell you, you ____ go to the party.
A won"t; shan"tB don"t; won"tC won"t; shouldn"tD don"t; had better not
高中英语虚拟语气讲解
一、概述
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
二、条件状语
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
例如：
If he doesn"t hurry up,he will mi the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）
If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）
If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
eg：1． If I had gotten there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）
2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
3．She looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do （if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式，其他如wish， even if等词都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气）
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg：1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能）
3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
4、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
eg：Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
5、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等
eg：But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progre.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn"t know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
6、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了。
You could have paed this exam.你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现 在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
7 .注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
8.若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
①,If it were not to rain tomorrow,we would go to the park
Were it not to rain tomorrow,we would go to the park..(如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园)
②if you should not attend meeting tomorrow on time,i would punish you.
Should you not be attend meeting tomorrow on time,i would punish you.(如果明天会议你居然迟到了，我会惩罚你的)
9.主语和动词be的省略
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
If neceary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was neceary,…)
四、目的状语
1、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should） + do。并且should能省略（for fear that，lest），in case不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。
2、在so that / in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not mi a word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。
五、宾语从句
当人们想要表达建议、命令或要求时，从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形。这类动词常有十二个。
“一二四四”
一个坚持（insist）；
两个命令（order, command）；
四项要求（demand, desire, require, request）；
四条建议（advise, suggest, propose, recommend）。
“I drop caps.”
insist,demand, desire,require, request, recommend,order,propose,command,advise,prefer,suggest.
（一）、I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；
若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；
若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。
注意如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
如：
I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke.我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come.我希望火车将会来。
I wished I hadn"t spent so much money.但愿我没有花这么多钱。
（二）、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓 语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国 英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present.罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look.警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；
若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。
He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
（三）、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语 中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released.国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。
（四）、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, desire, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语 由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常 可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。
He desires that I (should) appear.他要求我出场。
They require that I go at once.他们要求我立刻走。
I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要求约翰立即到那里去。
I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf.我请求他为我施用他的影响。
He asked that the meage be given to Madame immediately.他要求把信息立即带给夫人。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。
（五）、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句 谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job.医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished.他们建议取消这种税。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once.我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr.O’Leary be the chairman.他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
注意：动词suggest译为“建议”后接宾语从句时，表示的情况尚未成为事实, 用虚拟语气;suggest译为“表明”、“认为”, 则要用陈述语气：
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
四、其它
1、在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现 在相反的情况；
从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
eg：Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）
2.在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；
表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；
表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)+动词原形”
He felt as if he were responsible for what had happened.
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
指现 在或将来：may +do。
eg：We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
指过去：may +have done。
eg：You mustn"t be proud whatever great progre you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
4、if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用 过去式 或 would/should+动词原形 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用 过去完成式。Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice.
If only I had not been busy last week
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去 had + done
现在 过去时(be 用were )
将来 过去时(be 用were )
eg：I"d rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I"d rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。
We"d rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：
It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。
7、简单句中的虚拟语气
（1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。
eg：Would you mind my shutting the door?你介意我把门关起来吗？
You should always learn this leon by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you.我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意）
（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may +主语+ do。
eg：May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻。
（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。
eg：God ble us.上帝保佑。
（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
① 提出请求或邀请。eg：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的单车吗？
② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg：
I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。
③提出劝告或建议。eg：
You"d better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。
④ 提出问题。eg：
Do you think he could get here on time?你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
情态动词（could/should/might）+ have done。
eg：You should have got here earlier.你早该到这里了。
虚拟语气Ⅱ教学案
于亚东
虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
“常用在It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It"s important that we（should）work out a plan.（带有“要求”的含义）
It"s better that he go at once.（带有“建议”的意思）
☆ 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：neceary，important，best, right, impoible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，eential，reserved，urgent， 等。
It is neceary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It"s strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.
It is important that we should speak politely.
It is a pity that she should fare so badly.
It"s right that you should think that way.
☆ 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It is requested that Profeor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week.他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1).宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.法官命令被告还押。
2).wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆ 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆ 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆ 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
3).would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆ 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
☆ 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4).有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well.
我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.
他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as poible.
我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is time the children went to bed.
孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It"s high time that he began to think how to deal with money.
他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5.虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God ble you! 上帝保佑你。
God damn it! 该死的！
The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！
So be it then.就那样吧。
6.虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.
“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.
他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I"d be a genius,” he said.
“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.
他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：
I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right.她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)
专项练习：
1．His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence．
A．will take
B．would take
C．take
D．took
2．The job would require that ______ at 7 o"clock every morning．
A．he will be at the factory
B．he be at the factory
C．he was at the factory
D．he has been at the factory
3．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．
A．will wait
B．is going to wait
C．waits
D．wait
4．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．
A．not watch
B．must not to watch
C．not be watching
D．have not watched
5．It is neceary that a worker ______ his work on time．
A．accomplishes
B．can accomplish
C．accomplish
D．has accomplished
6．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．
A．will make
B．makes
C．make
D．must make
7．You look so tired.It"s time you ______ ．
A．go to sleep
B．went to sleep
C．go to bed
D．went to bed
8．I"d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．
A．do
B．didn"t do
C．don"t
D．didn"t
9．But for water，it ______ impoible to live in the desert．
A．is
B．was
C．were
D．wouldn"t be
10． ______ it______ for your help，I couldn"t have made any progre．
A．Had；
not been
B．Should；
not been
C．Did；
not been
D．Not；
be
11．Long ______ the Party！
A．lives
B．live
C．will live
D．should live
12．Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back．
A．gives
B．give
C．given
D．have given
13．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．
A．to put
B．be put C．should put
D．be putting 14．Mother suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV．
A．did
B．do
C．shall do
D．have done 15．He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.
A．must be started
B．ought to be started
C．could be started
D．should be started
16．Tom suggests that Ann ______ the house.
A．can sell
B．sells
C．sell
D．sold
17．It"s better that he ______ it from you.
A．"ll hear
B．hears
C．should hear
D．heard
18．It was neceary that he ______ about what had happened.
A．be told
B．was told
C．should tell
D．tell
19．It"s astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.
A．felt
B．should feel
C．"ll feel
D．would feel
20．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining.
A．are
B．be
C．should be
D．both B and C
21．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.
A．would
B．should
C．shall
D．must 22．It"s not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.
A．must be put
B．must put
C．will be put
D．be put
23．It was impoible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.
A．could have mied
B．must have mied
C．should have mied
D．should mi
24．It"s a pity that he ______ such a good chance.
A．should mi B．should have mied C．has mied D．all the above 25．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once. A．must pay
B．ought to pay
C．paid
D．pay
26．Mr.Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn"t think so.
A．should do
B．should have done
C．had done
D．did
27．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.
A．should be told
B．should have been told
C．was told
D．had been told
28．He suggested that we ______ here at once.
A．should leave
B．must leave
C．left
D．ought to leave
29．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.
A．must complete
B．completed
C．completes
D．complete
30．We"ve made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A．will gather
B．are about to gather
C．would gather
D．should gather
31．----I"ll be waiting for you at home.
---- ______ I were busy and couldn"t come?
A．What if
B．What when
C． How if
D．How when
32．After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions.”
A．would do
B．would have done
C．did
D．had done
33．It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ , we ______ there by tomorrow.
A．hadn"t rained, couldn"t get
B．hadn"t rained, can"t get
C．didn"t rain, couldn"t get
D．didn"t rain, can"t get
34．We could not have succeeded ______ your help.
A．but for
B．without
C．if it had not been for
D．all the above
35．I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.
A．acted
B．had acted
C．would act
D．would have acted
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D
4．A 5．C
6．C 7．D 8．B
9．D 10．A
11．B 12．B
13．B 14．B
15． D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。
16． C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。
17．C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。
18． A C、D为主动，在此不妥。
19． B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。
20． D
21．B should带有感情色彩。
22．D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。
23．C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。
24．D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。
25．D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。
26．C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。
27．D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。
28．A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。
29．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。
30．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。
31．A What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。
32．B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。
33．B even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can"t get there却是一个真实的情况。
34．D
35．D 从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。
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